EJin et al. BMC Genomics(2022) 23:Web page eight ofFig. 3 Twelve candidate genes have been
EJin et al. BMC Genomics(2022) 23:Page eight ofFig. three Twelve candidate genes have been verified and measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The data represent the typical common deviation (n = three). The vertical axis represents the amount of gene expression found by way of PCR. There was a substantial distinction among tea leaves treated with brassinosteroids (BRs) for 0 h and tea leaves exogenously sprayed with BRs for 48 h (P 0.05)also identified (Fig. 4: two). KEGG evaluation showed that compared with CAK (BR RIP kinase Formulation spraying for 0 h), the expression SHP2 Inhibitor review levels of a number of mitotic cyclin genes which include Cyc, CycD3, CycD4, and CDC6 have been upregulated 3 h, 9 h, 24 h, and 48 h right after BR spraying, however the highest gene expression levels varied among time points. We hypothesize thatwithin 48 h of BR spraying, cyclin genes have been upregulated, which in turn promoted development through cell division. Furthermore, it was discovered that spraying BRs onto tea leaves also significantly upregulated the cold resistance genes CBF and ICE, too because the theanine synthesis-related genes threonine synthase, (TS), glutamineJin et al. BMC Genomics(2022) 23:Web page 9 ofFig. four 1 Heat map of genes related to BR signal transduction. two Heat map of genes related to cell division, theanine, caffeine, and cold resistance. three Chlorophyll synthesis pathway; heat map of genes related to chlorophyll synthesis. 4 Starch synthesis pathway; heat map of genes associated with starch synthesis. 5 Sucrose biosynthesis pathway; heat map of genes associated with sucrose synthesis. 6 Flavonoid biosynthesis pathway; heat map of genes related to flavonoid biosynthesis. Red and green represent higher expression levels and low expression levels, respectively; CAK, Brassinosteroids (BRs) sprayed for 0 h; CAA, BRs sprayed for three h; CAB, BRs sprayed for 9 h, CAC; BRs sprayed for 24 h; CAD, BRs sprayed for 48 hsynthetase (GS), and arginine decarboxylase (ADC). Interestingly, the expression of caffeine-related synthetic genes was downregulated such as caffeine synthase two(TCS2) and S-adenosylmethionine synthase (SAMS).Exogenous spraying of BR upregulates genes related to the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway in tea leavesKEGG enrichment annotation identified five genes inside the ginseng chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway (Fig. four: 3). KEGG analysis showed that compared with CAK (BR spraying for 0 h), after BR spraying for 3 h, 9 h, 24 h, and 48 h, the crucial regulatory genes of glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminotransferase (GSA), uroporphyrinogen III synthase (HEMD), POR, Mg-chelatase (C-HLH), and chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CAO) which might be associated with chlorophyll synthesis pathway were upregulated, and their expression levels peaked at 48 h.Exogenous spraying of BR onto tea leaves promotes the upregulated expression of genes related to the starch biosynthesis pathwayKEGG enrichment annotation revealed that three genes are involved in the starch biosynthesis pathway (Fig. 4: four). KEGG evaluation showed that compared with CAK (spraying BRs for 0 h), after spraying BRs for three h, 9 h, 24 h, and 48 h, the expression of ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), GBSS, phosphoglucomutase (PGM), plus the starch-branching enzyme (SBE) essential regulatory bases related to the starch synthesis pathway were upregulated. At 24 h, the expression of genes related to the sucrose synthesis pathway peaked.Exogenous spraying of BR onto tea leaves promotes the upregulated expression of genes in the sucrose biosynthetic pathwayEight genes involved inside the sucrose biosynthesis path.