Ic activity (IPA ) was measured from test specimens (50 mm x one hundred mm) manufactured from two mortar compositions. The initial composition, known as reference mortar (mortar ref.), only contained GS-626510 medchemexpress Portland cement. Within the second composition (mortar KR), 20 on the cement was replaced by calcined kaolin residue. In both compositions, the H2 O/PC or H2 O/(Pc KR) ratio was equal to 0.485, as specified in ASTM C311M [27]. Compressive AAPK-25 References strength (CS) measurements had been performed working with test specimens cured for 7, 14, and 28 days, along with the IPA worth was calculated with all the aid of Equation (1): CSMKR IPA = 100 (1) CSMRe f where CSMRef (MPa) and CSMKR (MPa) correspond for the CS values measured employing the mortar ref. and mortar KR samples, respectively. Immediately after each exposure period (durability tests), compressive strength tests had been carried out in accordance with ASTM C39/C39M [28]. All experiments have been performed on a universal mechanical testing machine (SHIMADZU, AG-IS) using a loading speed of 0.25 0.05 MPa/s. Mineralogical (XRD) and thermal (TGA and DTA) tests have been also carried out to monitor the phase transformations. three. Benefits and Discussions 3.1. Raw Supplies Characterizations The chemical compositions of Portland cement form CPII-F 32, hydrated lime, and kaolin residue are listed in Table 2. Figure 1a,b show XRD patterns of Portland cement kind CPII-F 32 and of hydrated lime. The mineralogical phases: tricalcium silicate (C3S–3CaO iO2 ,three. Results and Discussions three.1. Raw Materials CharacterizationsSustainability 2021, 13,The chemical compositions of Portland cement sort CPII-F 32, hydrated lime, and kaolin residue are listed in Table 2. Figure 1a,b show XRD patterns of Portland cementof 15 four form CPII-F 32 and of hydrated lime. The mineralogical phases: tricalcium silicate (C3S– 3CaO iO2, JCPDS 49-0442); dicalcium silicate (C2S–2CaO iO2, JCPDS 33-0302); tricalcium aluminate (C3A–3CaO l2O3, JCPDS 38-1429); iron tetracalcium aluminate JCPDS 49-0442); dicalcium silicate (C2S–2CaO iO2 , JCPDS (CaCO3 JCPDS 05-0586); (C4AF–4CaO l2O3 e2O3, JCPDS 30-0226); calcium carbonate33-0302);, tricalcium aluminate (C3A–3CaO lhemihydrate (CaSO4/2H2tetracalcium aluminate (C4AF–4CaO l2 O3 and calcium sulfate two O3 , JCPDS 38-1429); iron O, JCPDS 0041-0244), were detected inside the Fe2 O , JCPDS 30-0226); calcium hydrated (CaCO3 , JCPDS the phases of portlandite Portland 3cement (Figure 1a). In the carbonatelime (Figure 1b) 05-0586); and calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO4 /2H2 O, JCPDS 0041-0244), have been detected in the Portland cement (Ca(OH)2, JCPDS 72-0156) and calcite (CaCO3, JCPDS 05-0586) were detected. (Figure 1a). In the hydrated lime (Figure 1b) the phases of portlandite (Ca(OH)two , JCPDS 72-0156) and calcite (CaCO3 , JCPDS 05-0586) have been detected.Table 2. The chemical composition of Portland cement type CPII-F 32, hydrated lime, and kaolin residue. Table 2. The chemical composition of Portland cement variety CPII-F 32, hydrated lime, and kaolin residue.Raw MaterialsKR 58.eight 36.0 0.2 1.6 two.two LOI–Loss on ignition measured right after drying at 110 and firing at 1000 .Oxides Oxides SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 K2O MgO CaO SO3 Other individuals LOI 1 Raw Materials SiO2 Al21.1 Fe2 O- K2 O MgO CaO eight.3SO3 1.five O3 Other folks LOI 1 three Computer 19.six ten.three 11.5 38.0 9.7 HL Computer 1.six 19.6 0.six ten.three 0.1 1.10.three – 1.6 11.572.338.0 – 8.three 0.four 1.5 23.19.7 KR HL 58.eight 1.six 36.0 0.6 0.2 0.11.six 0.three two.two 1.6 – 72.3 – – 0.four 0.4 0.823.0.four 0.CLOI–Loss on ignition measured after drying at1 – C3S two – C 2S three – C3A 4 – C4AF five – CaCO3 six -.